| Juxtaposition | is expressed by a hyphen. That is when successive signs are separated by a space. |  |
| Linking | is expressed by a period. That is when successive signs are linked, often seeming to "hold" one another. |   |
| Stacking | is expressed by a colon. The signs stacked are listed from top to bottom and are sometimes separate (43:50), sometimes linked (9:8). The C.E.I.P.P.'s extended system distinguishes between separate and linked stacks. |
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| Merging | is expressed by an apostrophe. Ill-defined, this combination has been dispensed with in the C.E.I.P.P.'s extended system. |
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