safe harbour, and obtained timber from the Himalaya for ship-building. The Aryans hated these Panis on account of their extreme avarice and niggardliness. The Panis did not worship Indra. They were money lenders. They were persecuted by the Rigvedic Aryans and were virtually driven out of Sapta Sindhu.

    Rig Veda does not make mention of the Deccan, or Vindhya mountains or the rivers Narmada, Gidavai, Krishna, etc. There is geological evidence to prove that in early times Southern India formed part of a vast continent which extended from Burma and South China on the east to East and South Africa on the west, and from the Vindhya Hills on the north to Australia on the south.

    I will give a very short history of the wanderings of the Panis and how they helped in the course of several years to spread such culture as they possessed over a large portion of the then known world.

    The Panis left Sapta-Sindu through sheer necessity. They first settled among the Cholas and Pandyas of Southern India; these aborigines learnt from the Panis the culture and spirit of navigation and trade. From this place they went to the coasts on the Persian Gulf, accompanied by the Cholas; there they settled down for generations; they were in constant communication with South India, became friendly with the aboriginal inhabitants and taught them their principal vocation^__trade.

    When after ages the colony was invaded by the uncivilized Semites the Panis moved on towards the north and settled on the sea-coast of Syria, which they called Phoenicia, or the land of the Panis or Panikas.

    This land gave them facilities to trade in the islands of the Greek Archipelago, South Europe, and North Africa. The Panis had several slaves with whose assistance they manufactured articles of trade; they became a prosperous and powerful people; they founded colonies in the islands of the Mediterranean and on the coasts of North Africa. Carthage was a Phoenician colony, and we know what part she played in South and Western Europe. In all the countries where the Panis settled they taught the original inhabitants the arts of civilized life. They traded by sea as far as the